Internal combustion engine



July 18, 1933. A MQORHQUSE 1,918,481

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed sept. 5. 19:50

ALFRED NOUN/70u55 atto/Lumi `Patented July 18, 1933 UNITEnfsrAn-:S

y e; l 1 .`1,918,48-1f1 ALFRED MoonHoUsnoF DETROIT, MICHIGAN-Assienog'ro lPAcxiinniuoTon GAR COMPANY, OF DE'IROIL,l MIGHIGAN, 'ACORPORATION;OF MICHIGANQ "gl l a tnarran-ininAcoivnaustrlen niverrnn4`v Application filed September 5, 1930. Serial No. ffffizlk l Y sticking and undue wear of the valves and valve stems of internal combustion engines. In investigating theV causes of these diiiiculties the conclusion has been reached that the greater proportion of trouble is caused by warpage ofthe cylinder block because of seasoning or by unequal expansion and contraction ofthe portions of the cylinder block surrounding, and adjacent to, the intake and exhaust passages.` I have, therefore, proj vided a means `for overcoming these valve diiculties. 4 An object ofmy invention is to provide means for insuring proper seatingof the valves of an engine or the like under all the conditions met with in operation.

Another object of my invention is to pro' Vide a valve and valve guide structure'which prevents sticking and unequal or undue wear .of the valve and valve guide parts.

Another object of my invention is to provide a structure of the above description which will permit self-alignment of the valves and valveV guides. v i

' Another object of my invention is to provide a structure of the above description which shall permit ready assembly 'and' disassembly of the valves and valve yguides within the motor `and permit also ready're-v placement of worn or injuredfguides-'and valvesf i y Other objects of my invention will appear from the following-description taken in connection with vthe drawing which forms a part Aof this specilication andinwhich:

Figure l is a View insection of aportion ofan internal combustion engine `showing my new device incorporated therein;

Fig. 2 is a view in section ofthe engine shown in Fig.V l under conditions of unequal expansion of the parts of the"cylinder` block. The displacement resulting has been greatly exaggerated for the purpose of a better-:x` planation; f a

j Fig. 8 isa view y'in secti'oriof `another "enr-` bodiment o f my'infvention; Figg is a sectional view of' the 'structure shown" in Fig; 3 under `conditions ofunequal expansion of the parts, the displacementlheing greatly-Yexaggerated,` and "l" a y jFig. 5 is aviewin section -ofthevaIve guide'holding means shown in Figs.` 3 land 4 andetalen' onjthe'line 5"-5 of Figyr The View is enlargedfor better illustration; l

Referring morepar'ticularly to Fig. 1,"my' device Ais 'particularly suitablefor lense with an internal-combustion engine including a cylinder structure 10v4 which includes an intake and exhaust manifold `11"-to `which is ati tached` a cylinder head `12'by means of bolts 13. l5 have been shown in position-in the cylin; der block.` The usual cooling chambers 16 are employed for'cooling thev block andhead'. The manifoldgishprovided with the usual Vpoppet valves 22,valve ports lfjajndintake V and exhaust passageways 18'.

."[nV one offthe preferred*embodiments"n of my invention', the valve Vguide passage I'or opening 19 is providedat-its lower end with a wall or flangeQTwhie'hv maybe fconc'ave in cross section,I havingv its centerof curvature preferably at thellower endl ofthe Valve stem`29. The valve guidefQO,A contrary "to the usual practice,` is-"of such'a diameter thatfit' is loosely engaged'in vthe valveguide opening, and a shoulderQl whichkis convex at its upper surface to'cooperate with the concave lower surface offthe ian'ge 27,p`er-v mits the valve guide to move to ajlimited extent within the opening andv the:` yv'falve guide 2O and valve 22"'to'-m`ove laterally', c

gym@ or pivot about@ centerferftoimove bodily to secure proper `seatingof the valve 22. v 4 vm ,I .f a Tlievalve guidevis held in position 'against the fiange 27 by reasonof the action; 'of-"the spring `23 `which is disposed jbetweenfthe washer 24 andvthe shoulder 12,14*- onthe'f'va'lve 951 guide.v

relationjto the,L valve guide V20oc'cursfby The usual piston ltand connecting rod y the valve port occupies some new position, as shown in Fig. 2, (in Which the displacement has been greatly exaggerated) it can readily be understood that, because ofV the biasing action of spring 23, the` shoulder'or` theVv valve yguide vWill slide'wi'th relation to the face ofth'e flange 27 by .reasonfo'f the self centering eect of the sloping circular face of thevalve head 26 upon the sloping circular VVface of the' valveseat 25 'and the loose ly held guide vvillfshiftbodily to aposition such that the valve 22 seatsproperly in the l e. port 17.

Since the valve and valve stein are free Yto move with respect to" the cylinder structine itollovs thetthey Will not bind in any yWay on or Within fthevalve stem or' port.

It ,-is apparent also that after 'the head 12 has been removed the ,valve guide and the valve may :qniekly' l)e removed from 1she manifold by removing thevvasher 24, Which upper-portion to constitute e erenler seat 3.2 elle well .of Wheh slopes et en angle with the horizontal. The valve guide 33 is loose- `ly,engaged `v vthn thevelve passage end's provided with e eonyen shonlderporton 3,4 .irhieh is adapted to eoeeb with the sloping portion of the constriction in the valve ypassage-to eo'nstitnte e. bieaiingfor the valve gnide about Whiehthe guideline move 'free ly in ell'el-ireetons- The shoulder 35 sets es aseet .fortlle spring 23e Weigh-holds or assists in holelngthegnde in pl'eee- The valve guide meA be heldriythn the valve passageway in t e sanne manner as the gniele is held in the ennbodnienlv illustrated in Figsl1 end 21er .lney'loe looked in position by Ineens of irregularly shaped ning 36 pfevideel iii-ith outwardly proieetng 4portions adapted .to engage e ,suitable groove 37 in thereflyepassegeney enelpnoyded also with tened portonseelepted to engage eregsfervlfng vgroove 38' inthe valve guide. This eonstrneton secures the seme result, in slib* stentielly the .senle manner, es that shown k1n Figs. l and 2. The valve guide seat-is edieeent the' heated passageway/s 18 end the port .l-so that' the eleet of dierental en pensons minimized# Y f Both oonstlnetions are operative to .eenlpensate for misalignment of the valve guide and valveport in any direction and from any cause, as for' instance unequal expansion and contractionx vvarpage and the like. The :salve heads elnnys .seat properly- There 'is no vlateral pressure on the valve and valve stem to cause sticking and undue Wear. The

valve and its parts may be readily assembled and disassembled in the cylinder.

Although I have described certain pre Yseat and having anl opening for a valve vguide opposite lche port, the opening being constricted at one portion thereof, apoppet valve for said portfcooperating .with said seat and having va stem extending through 'seid opening, e valve stein gnnle heyng e rounded shoulder adapted to engage the constrictionv but otherwise loosely. engaged vvlthin theopenlng and means for holding the guide Within the opening.

2. In an internal combustion engine, `a

cylinder structure having a port and an opening for a valve guidetherein, the open# ing being provided betvveenitsends 1with an inwardly projecting seat,l a valve, and aV valve guide loosely engaged Within the opening provided With a shoulder coacting with theinwardly projecting seat yto provideV for universal lateral movement ofthe guide in Vtheopening to permit the valveV to properly seat on the port. y

3. 'In `an internal combustion engine, a cylinder structure. having a vport and an opening for .e yelyegnide. therein the valve guide opening being constricted at its up- Such modifications per portion, a valve forthe port, a valve i195 guide loosely disposed in the lpassage having` a reduced upper end portion and a shoulder adapted to engage .the Wall of the passage, theshoulder and passage vWall being disposed to provide for seating of the guideto .lilo

permit movement `ofthe valve guide to in turn permit proper seating of 'theV valve on the port. Y

4.11n Van internal combustion engine, a

cylinder structure having Van opening for a valve guide therein, the Walls of. said opening being provided with an annular groove, avalve guide loosely engaged'vvithin the opening having .aperipheral groove registering with thefgroove lin the walls of ses groove, a valve guide loosely engaged With-v the openlng, and aring of irregular shape encircling the valve guide and interposed between the Walls of the opening and the valve guide, said ring Vhaving projections thereon engaging the groove in the Walls of the opening andflattened portions engaging the groove on the valve guide, said parts coacting to provide for universal lateral movement of the guide in the open-l ing. K

6. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder structure having a port, a valve seat and an opening for a valve guide therein, the opening being constricted and the Walls thereof being provided With an annular groove, a poppet valve for said port cooperating with said seat and having a stein extending through said opening, a valve stern guide having a rounded shoulder adapted to engagethe constricted por- 'y tion of` the opening but otherwise loosely engaged Within the opening, said valve stem guide also having a peripheral groove registering With the groove in the Walls of the opening, and means bet-Ween the valve guide and the Walls of the opening and registering With both of said grooves adapted to maintain the valve guide in position Within the opening.

7. In an internal combusion engine, a cylinder structure having a port, a valve seat and anopening for a valve guide therein, the opening being constricted and the Walls thereof being provided with an annular groove, a poppet valve for said port cooperatingV with said seat. and having a stem extending through said opening, a valve stem guide having a rounded shoulder adapted to engage the constriction lbut otherwise loosely engaged Within the opening, said valve stem guide also having a peripheral groove registering with the groove in the Walls of the opening, and a rinO of irregular sha e encirclin the valve guide and interposed betvveenthe ,Walls of the'opening and the valve guide, said ring having projections thereon engaging the groove in the Walls of the opening and iattened portions engaging the groove on the valve guide, said parts coacting to provide for universal lateral movement of the guide in the opening to permit the valv to properly seat on the port.

8. In an internal combustion engine, la cylinder structure having a port, a valve,

a valve stem guide passage, the Wall portion Y of said passage having a concave surface, and a valve guide having a convex surface loosely engaged with the concave surface, the radiiV of the convex and'concave surfaces being equal to the length of the valvel between its end and the intersection of said surfaces with the valve stem. i

9. In an internal combustion englne, a

cylinder structure having a port, a valve,

va valve stem guide passage, the Wall portion of said passage having a concave surface, and aV valve vguide having a convex. surface loosely engaged With the concave surface, said surfaces, when the valve is closed, lying on the surface of a sphere thev center :of which is at that end of the valve stem which is opposite to the'port.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a valve port, a valve having a stem, a valve stem guide for piloting the stem, and supporting means for said guide, said supporting means including a vvall curved about a point coinciding With'the end of the valve stem opposite from the port.

1l. In an internalV combustion engine hav- ALFRED MooRHoUsIi.y 

